Publications

Etienne Barnard

Conference papers/proceedings

J. Badenhorst, M.H. Davel and E. Barnard, "Analysing co-articulation using frame-based feature trajectories," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2010, pp. 13-18.

E. Barnard, M.A. Cho, P. Debba, R. Mathieu, K. Wessels, C. van Heerden, C. van der Walt, G.P. Asner, "Optimizing tree-species classification in hyperspectal images," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2010, pp. 33-37.

E. Barnard, M.H. Davel and G.B. van Huyssteen, "Speech technology for information access: a South African case study," in Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Development (AI-D), Palo Alto, California, March 2010, pp. 8-13.

E. Barnard, J. Schalkwyk, C. van Heerden and P.J. Moreno, "Voice search for development," in Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Makuhari, Japan, September 2010, pp. 282-285.

E. Barnard and S. Zerbian, "From tone to pitch in Sepedi," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Spoken Languages Technologies for Under-Resourced Languages (SLTU 2010), Penang, Malaysia, May 2010, pp. 29-34.

A. de Waal and E. Barnard, "The influence of input matrix representation on topic modelling performance," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2010, pp. 69-74.

G.I. Schlünz, E. Barnard and G.B. van Huyssteen, "Part-of-speech effects on text-to-speech synthesis," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2010, pp. 257-262.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Towards understanding the influence of SVM hyperparameters," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2010, pp. 281-286.

C. van Heerden, E. Barnard, M. Davel, C. van der Walt, E. van Dyk, M. Feld and C. Müller, "Combining regression and classification methods for improving automatic speaker age recognition," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Dallas, Texas, March 2010, pp. 5174-5177.

C. van Heerden, N. Kleynhans, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Pooling ASR data for closely related languages," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Spoken Languages Technologies for Under-Resourced Languages (SLTU 2010), Penang, Malaysia, May 2010, pp. 17-23.

D.R. van Niekerk and E. Barnard, "An intonation model for TTS in Sepedi," in Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Makuhari, Japan, September 2010, pp. 2182-2185.

J. Badenhorst, C. van Heerden, M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Collecting and evaluating speech recognition corpora for nine southern Bantu languages," in Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL), Athens, Greece, March 2009, pp. 1-8.

E. Barnard, "The challenges of ignorance," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 7-10.

E. Barnard, M. Davel and C. van Heerden, "ASR Corpus design for resource-scarce languages," in Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Brighton, United Kingdom, September 2009, pp. 2847-2850.

E. Barnard, C. van der Walt, M. Davel, C. van Heerden, F. Senekal and T. Naidoo, "Learning structured representations of data," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 1-6.

L. Coetzee, I. Viviers and E. Barnard, "Model based estimation for multi-modal user interface component selection," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 11-16.

M. Feld, E. Barnard, C. van Heerden and C. Müller, "Multilingual speaker age recognition: Regression analyses on the Lwazi corpus," in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding (ASRU), Merano, Italy, December 2009, pp. 534-549.

L. Loots, M. Davel, E. Barnard and T. Niesler, "Comparing manually-developed and data-driven rules for P2P learning," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 35-40.

A. Sharma Grover, M. Plauché, E. Barnard and C. Kuun, "HIV health information access using spoken dialogue systems: Touchtone vs. speech," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development (IEEE), Doha, Qatar, April 2009, pp. 95-107.

C. van der Walt and E. Barnard, "Density estimation from local structure," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 131-136.

C. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Combining multiple classifiers for age classification," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 54-59.

C. van Heerden, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Basic speech recognition for spoken dialogues," in Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Brighton, United Kingdom, September 2009, pp. 3003-3006.

D.R. van Niekerk and E. Barnard, "Phonetic alignment for speech synthesis in under-resourced languages," in Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Brighton, United Kingdom, September 2009, pp. 880-883.

D.R. van Niekerk, E. Barnard and G. Schlünz, "A perceptual evaluation of corpus-based speech synthesis techniques in under-resourced environments," in Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, November 2009, pp. 71-75.

E. Barnard, M. Plauché and M. Davel, "The Utility of spoken dialog systems," in Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Workshop on Spoken Language Technology (SLT), Goa, India, December 2008, pp. 13-16.

A. de Waal and E. Barnard, "Evaluating topic models with stability," in Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Cape Town, South Africa, November 2008, pp. 79-84.

N. Kleynhans and E. Barnard, "A channel normalization technique for speech recognition in mismatched conditions," in Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Cape Town, South Africa, November 2008, pp. 115-118.

T.J. Ndwe, E. Barnard, M. Dlodlo, D. Mashao, C. Kuun and A. Sharma, "Openphone user engagement and requirements solicitation in low literacy users," in Proceedings of the 20th World Computer Congress, Milan, Italy, September 2008, pp. 189-193.

M. Peche, M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Porting a spoken language identification system to a new environment," in Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Cape Town, South Africa, November 2008, pp. 103-107.

E. van Dyk and E. Barnard, "Binary naive bayesian classifiers for correlated Gaussian features: A theoretical analysis," in Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Cape Town, South Africa, November 2008, pp. 9-14.

D.R van Niekerk and E. Barnard, "Acoustic cues identifying phonetic transitions for speech segmentation," in Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Cape Town, South Africa, November 2008, pp. 55-59.

S. Zerbian and E. Barnard, "Influences on tone in Sepedi, a Southern Bantu language," in Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Brisbane, Australia, September 2008, p. 625.

G.R. Botha and E. Barnard, "Factors that affect the accuracy of text-based language identification," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 7-10.

A.J. de Waal, E. Barnard and E. du Preez, "Topic models applied to multilingual data," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 99-103.

O. Martirosian and E. Barnard, "Speech-based emotion detection in a resource-scarce environment," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 105-108.

M. Peche, M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Phonotactic spoken language identification with limited training data," in Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech), Antwerp, Belgium, August 2007, pp. 1537-1540.

C. van der Walt and E. Barnard, "Measures for the characterisation of pattern-recognition data sets," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 75-78.

E. van Dyk and E. Barnard, "Naive bayesian classifiers for multinomial features: A theoretical analysis," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 87-91.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Speaker-specific variability of phoneme durations," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 111-114.

D.R. van Niekerk and E. Barnard, "Important factors in HMM-based phonetic segmentation," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007, pp. 25-28.

P. Zulu and E. Barnard, "Orthographic-based clustering of South Africa's official languages," in Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, November 2007.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Speech rate normalization used to improve speaker verification," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 2-7.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Effort and accuracy during language resource generation: A pronunciation prediction case study," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 14-17.

R. Kato and E. Barnard, "Statistical translation with scarce resources - A South African case study," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 18-22.

J.A.C. Badenhorst, D.R. van Niekerk and E. Barnard, "Automatic systems for assistance in improving pronunciations," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 23-29.

G. Botha, V. Zimu and E. Barnard, "Text-based language identification for the South African languages," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 46-52.

E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Automatic error detection in alignments for speech synthesis," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 53-56.

N. Zulu and E. Barnard, "Dialect distances based on orthographic and phonetic transcriptions," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 66-70.

C. van der Walt and E. Barnard, "Data characteristics that determine classifier performance," in Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Parys, South Africa, November 2006, pp. 166-171.

N. Govender, C. Kuun, V. Zimu, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Computational models of prosody in the Nguni languages", in Proceedings of the ISCA Workshop on Multilingual Speech and Language Processing (MULTILING-2006), Stellenbosch, South Africa, April 2006.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Developing consistent pronunciation models for phonemic variants", in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (Interspeech), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 2006, pp. 1760-1764.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Bootstrapping Pronunciation Dictionaries - a South African case study," in Proceedings of the CSIR Research and Innovation Conference, Pretoria, South Africa, February 2006.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Extracting pronunciation rules for phonemic variants," in Proceedings of the ISCA Workshop on Multilingual Speech and Language Processing (MULTILING-2006), Stellenbosch, South Africa, April 2006.

G. Botha and E. Barnard, "Two approaches to gathering text corpora from the World Wide Web," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, p. 194.

J.P.L. Cloete, H.N. Patel, L. Coetzee and E. Barnard, "Technology in support of accessible e-government", DEXA E-gov 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 2005.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Obtaining a minimal set of rewrite rules," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, pp. 139-144.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Bootstrapping pronunciation dictionaries: practical issues," in Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Interspeech), Lisbon, Portugal, September 2005, pp. 139-144.

N. Govender, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Developing intonation corpora for isiXhosa and isiZulu," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, pp. 129-132.

N. Govender, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Fundamental frequency and tone in isiZulu: initial experiments," in Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Interspeech), Lisbon, Portugal, September 2005, pp. 1417-1420.

G. Joubert and E. Barnard, "The effect of network degradation on speech recognition," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, p. 193.

N.T. Kleynhans and E. Barnard, "Language dependence in multilingual speaker verification," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, pp. 117-121.

C. Kuun, V. Zimu, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Statistical investigations into isiZulu intonation," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, pp. 111-115.

J.A. Louw, M. Davel and E. Barnard, "A general-purpose IsiZulu speech synthesiser," in Proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the African Language Association of Southern Africa (ALASA), Johannesburg, South Africa, July 2005.

S. Naidoo and E. Barnard, "Telephone-based speech interfaces in the developing world, from the perspective of human-human communication," in Proceedings of the 14th International Conference of the African Language Association of Southern Africa (ALASA), Johannesburg, South Africa, July 2005.

S. Naidoo and E. Barnard, "Applying the Nass Model to developing world telephone interfaces," in Proceedings of the 4th International Cyberspace Conference on Ergonomics (Cyberg), Johannesburg, South Africa, September 2005.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Using timing information in speaker verification," in Proceedings of the 16th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2005, pp. 53-57.

L. Cloete, E. Barnard and H. Patel, "Initial experiments on the effectiveness of telephone access to government services," DEXA E-gov 2004, Zaragoza, Spain, August 2004.

L. Coetzee and E. Barnard, "Pattern recognition in service of people with disabilities," in Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Grabouw, South Africa, November 2004, pp. 75-80.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "A default-and-refinement approach to pronunciation prediction," in Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Grabouw, South Africa, November 2004, pp. 119-123.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "The efficient generation of pronunciation dictionaries: Machine learning factors during bootstrapping," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (Interspeech), Jeju, Korea, October 2004, pp. 2781-2784.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "The efficient generation of pronunciation dictionaries: Human factors during bootstrapping," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (Interspeech), Jeju, Korea, October 2004, pp. 2797-2800.

E. Gouws, K. Wolvaardt, N. Kleynhans and E. Barnard, "Appropriate baseline values for HMM-based speech recognition," (abstract) in Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Grabouw, South Africa, November 2004, p. 169.

L. Joubert, V. Zimu, M. Davel and E. Barnard, "A framework for bootstrapping morphological decomposition," (abstract) in Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Grabouw, South Africa, November 2004, p. 171.

J.A. Louw and E. Barnard, "Automatic intonation modeling with INTSINT," in Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Grabouw, South Africa, November 2004, pp. 107-111.

W. Smit and E. Barnard, "Efficient coding leads to novel features for speech recognition," in Proceedings of the 15th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Grabouw, South Africa, November 2004, pp. 99-102.

E. Barnard, L. Cloete, H. Patel and L. Coetzee, "Towards effective telephone-based delivery of government services," in Proceedings of the 9th International Winelands Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 2003.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Human Language Technologies in the Developing World," in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of the African Language Association of Southern Africa (ALASA), Stellenbosch, South Africa, July 2003.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Bootstrapping in language resource generation," in Proceedings of the 13th Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), Langebaan, South Africa, November 2003, pp. 97-100.

Journal articles

S. Zerbian and E. Barnard, "Realizations of a single high tone in Northern Sotho," Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 357-379, January 2010.

M. Peche, M.H. Davel and E. Barnard, "Development of a spoken language identification system for South African languages," SAIEE Africa Research Journal, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 97-105, December 2009.

W.J. Smit and E. Barnard, "Continuous speech recognition with sparse coding," Computer Speech and Language, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 200-219, April 2009.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Pronunciation prediction with default & refine," Computer Speech and Language, vol. 22, pp. 374-393, October 2008.

O.M. Martirosian and E. Barnard, "Speech-based emotion detection in a resource-scarce environment," South African Computer Journal (SACJ), vol. 40, pp. 18-22, June 2008.

H.O. van Dyk and E. Barnard, "Naive bayesian classifiers for multinomial features: A theoretical analysis," South African Computer Journal (SACJ), vol. 40, pp. 37-43, June 2008.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Speaker-specific variability of phoneme durations," South African Computer Journal (SACJ), vol. 40, pp. 44-50, June 2008.

D. Wissing and E. Barnard, "Vowel variation in Southern Sotho: An acoustic investigation," Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 255-265, 2008.

S. Zerbian and E. Barnard, "Phonetics of intonation in South African Bantu languages," Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 235-254, 2008.

P.N. Zulu, G. Botha and E. Barnard, "Orthographic measures of language distances between the official South African languages," Literator: Journal of literary criticism, comparative linguistics and literary studies, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 185-204, April 2008.

G. Botha, V. Zimu and E. Barnard, "Text-based language identification for South African languages," SAIEE Africa Research Journal, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 141-146, December 2007.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Effort and accuracy during language resource generation: A pronunciation prediction case study," SAIEE Africa Research Journal, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 124-128, December 2007.

N. Govender, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Pitch modelling for the Nguni languages," South African Computer Journal (SACJ), vol. 38, pp. 28-39, June 2007.

R.S.M. Kato and E. Barnard, "Statistical translation with scarce resources: a South African case study," SAIEE Africa Research Journal, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 136-140, December 2007.

C.M. van der Walt and E. Barnard, "Data characteristics that determine classifier performance," SAIEE Africa Research Journal, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 87-93, September 2007.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Speech rate normalization used to improve speaker verification," SAIEE Africa Research Journal, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 129-135, December 2007.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Bootstrapping Pronunciation Dictionaries," South African Journal of Science, vol. 102, no. 7/8, pp. 322-328, July/August 2006.

J.A. Louw, M. Davel and E. Barnard, "A general-purpose IsiZulu speech synthesiser," South African Journal of African Languages, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 1-9, November 2005.

M. Davel and E. Barnard, "Bootstrapping for the efficient development of pronunciation dictionaries," Transactions of the SAIEE: Special Issue on Pattern Recognition: Theory and Applications, pp. 6-10, March 2005.

Book / Book chapter

A. de Waal, J.P. Venter and E. Barnard, "Applying topic modelling on forensic data: A case study," Advances in Digital Forensics IV, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol. 285, I. Ray and S. Shenoi (eds.), Springer, pp. 115-126, 2008.

B. Lorenz and E. Barnard, "A Brief Overview of Artificial Intelligence Focusing on Computational Models of Emotions," Stimulating the Mind - A Technical Neuropsycho-analytical Approach, D. Dietrich, G. Fodor, G. Zucker and D. Bruckner (eds.), 1st edition, Wien: Springer, 2008, pp. 76-98.

C.J. van Heerden and E. Barnard, "Durations of context-dependent phonemes: a new feature in speaker verification," Speaker Classification II, Springer, 2007, pp. 93-103.

S. Goronzy, L. Mayfield Tomokiyo, E. Barnard and M. Davel, "Other challenges: non-native speech, dialects, accents, and local interfaces," in Multilingual Speech Processing, edited by T. Schultz and K. Kirchoff, Academic Press, Elsevier, April 2006, pp. 273-316.

E. Barnard, L. Cloete and H. Patel, "Language and technology literacy barriers to accessing government services," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2739, R. Traunmüller (ed.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003, pp. 37-42.